Voice Change: Basic Note
In English grammar, voice refers to the relationship between the subject and the action of the verb.
In Active Voice, the subject performs the action.
In Passive Voice, the action is performed on the subject.
1. Present Indefinite Tense (Simple Present)
Formula (Active):
Subject + V1 + object
Formula (Passive):
Object + is/am/are + V3 (past participle) + by + subject
Examples:
Active: She writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by her.
Active: They make toys.
Passive: Toys are made by them.
Active: He reads the book.
Passive: The book is read by him.
Active: I clean the room.
Passive: The room is cleaned by me.
Active: The chef cooks meals.
Passive: Meals are cooked by the chef.
2. Present Continuous Tense
Formula (Active):
Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + object
Formula (Passive):
Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + subject
Examples:
Active: She is writing a story.
Passive: A story is being written by her.
Active: They are watching a movie.
Passive: A movie is being watched by them.
Active: He is repairing the car.
Passive: The car is being repaired by him.
Active: I am painting the wall.
Passive: The wall is being painted by me.
Active: We are organizing the event.
Passive: The event is being organized by us.
3. Past Indefinite Tense (Simple Past)
Formula (Active):
Subject + V2 + object
Formula (Passive):
Object + was/were + V3 + by + subject
Examples:
Active: She wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter was written by her.
Active: They built a house.
Passive: A house was built by them.
Active: He watched the film.
Passive: The film was watched by him.
Active: The teacher punished the student.
Passive: The student was punished by the teacher.
Active: We saw the stars.
Passive: The stars were seen by us.
4. Past Continuous Tense
Formula (Active):
Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + object
Formula (Passive):
Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + subject
Examples:
Active: She was writing a letter.
Passive: A letter was being written by her.
Active: They were building a house.
Passive: A house was being built by them.
Active: He was watching TV.
Passive: TV was being watched by him.
Active: I was cleaning the kitchen.
Passive: The kitchen was being cleaned by me.
Active: The workers were fixing the road.
Passive: The road was being fixed by the workers.
5. Future Indefinite Tense (Simple Future)
Formula (Active):
Subject + will/shall + V1 + object
Formula (Passive):
Object + will/shall + be + V3 + by + subject
Examples:
Active: She will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by her.
Active: They will finish the work.
Passive: The work will be finished by them.
Active: He will drive the car.
Passive: The car will be driven by him.
Active: I shall send the mail.
Passive: The mail shall be sent by me.
Active: The students will perform a play.
Passive: A play will be performed by the students.
